Verification
Every result, next to the reference
cSlope is tested against 164 problems with 356 reference values: 54 from the literature, 2 from analytical solutions and 300 from other programs. The automated tests run the same problems on every change to the code, so the table shows what the program computes today.
- problems
- 164
- reference values
- 356
- from the literature
- 54
- probabilistic values (β, Pf)
- 29
The verification report (PDF) is attached to every release, from the first release on.
How the problems are checked
Each problem is entered from its source: geometry, materials, water and loads. cSlope then analyses the surface the source gives, or searches for the critical one where the source did, with the method the source used. The tables show the reference value next to cSlope's.
Literature
Values from papers and textbooks are cited by author and year. They are the primary reference.
Other programs
Some values come from the verification and reference manuals of other slope stability programs, most of them commercial. They are shown as program A, B and so on: one letter per program, so differences between programs stay visible.
Problems
356 of 356 checks in 164 problems
| Problem | Method · source | Reference | cSlope |
|---|---|---|---|
Arai & Tagyo (1985) example 1 Arai & Tagyo (1985), example 1. V001 | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.409 | 1.404 |
Morgenstern-Price (half-sine) Commercial program A (GLE) | 1.414 | 1.401 | |
Bishop simplified Commercial program B | 1.417 | 1.404 | |
Morgenstern-Price (half-sine) Commercial program B | 1.414 | 1.401 | |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A (non-circular) | 1.386 | 1.386 | |
Arai & Tagyo (1985) example 2, three layers Arai & Tagyo (1985), example 2. V002 | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 0.420 | 0.419 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A (non-circular) | 0.414 | 0.409 | |
Arai & Tagyo (1985) example 3, water table Arai & Tagyo (1985), Soils and Foundations 25(1). V003 | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.118 | 1.113 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.118 | 1.113 | |
Janbu corrected (f0) Commercial program A | 1.131 | 1.124 | |
Bishop simplified Program D | 1.112 | 1.113 | |
4:1 slope, Mohr-Coulomb fit Verification manual of a commercial slope stability program. V004a | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 2.794 | 2.802 |
Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 2.662 | 2.677 | |
Baker (2003) ex. 2 slope, Mohr-Coulomb iteration parameters Verification manual of a commercial slope stability program. V004b | Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 2.610 | 2.609 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 2.696 | 2.666 | |
Baker (1993) dam, end of construction, infinite-slope face Baker (1993). V005 | Bishop simplified Theory (infinite slope) | 2.500 | 2.523 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Theory (infinite slope) | 2.500 | 2.523 | |
Baker (2001) planar surface Baker (2001). V006 | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program C | 1.351 | 1.352 |
Janbu simplified Commercial program C | 1.351 | 1.352 | |
Baker (2003) ex. 1, Mohr-Coulomb, Janbu simplified on the reference circle Verification manual of a commercial slope stability program. V007a | Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 1.469 | 1.468 |
Baker (2003) ex. 1 slope, Mohr-Coulomb iteration parameters Verification manual of a commercial slope stability program. V007b | Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 0.957 | 0.955 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 0.981 | 0.978 | |
Baker (2003) ex. 3, Janbu simplified Verification manual of a commercial slope stability program. V007c | Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 1.291 | 1.290 |
Baker (2003) example 1, Mohr-Coulomb fit Baker (2003), example 1. V008a | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.536 | 1.519 |
Baker (2003) London clay slope, Mohr-Coulomb fit Baker (2003) example 3. V008b | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.366 | 1.365 |
Baker & Leshchinsky clay-core dam, reservoir and crest crack Baker & Leshchinsky (2001). V009a | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.925 | 1.926 |
Baker & Leshchinsky dam, Baker's non-circular surface Baker & Leshchinsky (2001). V009b | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Baker & Leshchinsky | 1.910 | 1.882 |
Baker & Leshchinsky clay-core dam, critical surface search Baker & Leshchinsky (2001). V009c | Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program B (optimised non-circular) | 1.868 | 1.870 |
Borges & Cardoso embankment 2 (geosynthetic) Borges & Cardoso (2002), Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20(6). V010 | Morgenstern-Price (half-sine) Commercial program B | 1.171 | 1.162 |
Bishop simplified Commercial program B | 1.170 | 1.164 | |
Morgenstern-Price (half-sine) Borges & Cardoso | 1.150 | 1.162 | |
Borges & Cardoso embankment 3, H = 7 m, circle A Borges & Cardoso (2002), Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20(6). V011a | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.230 | 1.219 |
Borges & Cardoso embankment 3, H = 7 m, circle B Borges & Cardoso (2002), Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20(6). V011b | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.220 | 1.216 |
Borges & Cardoso embankment 3, H = 8.75 m, circle C Borges & Cardoso (2002), Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20(6). V012 | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 0.980 | 0.982 |
Cai & Ugai (2000) slope, no pile (see V013b, V013c, V013d and V013e for the pile rows) Cai & Ugai (2000). V013a | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.140 | 1.143 |
Bishop simplified Cai & Ugai | 1.130 | 1.143 | |
Cai & Ugai slope, pile row D1/D = 2 Cai & Ugai (2000), Géotechnique 50(2). V013b | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.540 | 1.541 |
Cai & Ugai slope, pile row D1/D = 3 Cai & Ugai (2000), Géotechnique 50(2). V013c | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.430 | 1.450 |
Cai & Ugai slope, pile row D1/D = 4 Cai & Ugai (2000), Géotechnique 50(2). V013d | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.330 | 1.342 |
Cai & Ugai slope, pile row D1/D = 6 Cai & Ugai (2000), Géotechnique 50(2). V013e | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.250 | 1.260 |
Nailed wall, 14 rows, deep wedge Caltrans soil nail reference manual. V014 | Janbu corrected (f0) Program H | 1.460 | 1.448 |
Janbu corrected (f0) Program D | 1.448 | 1.448 | |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Program D | 1.576 | 1.575 | |
Soldier-pile tieback wall Caltrans soil nail reference manual. V015 | Janbu corrected (f0) Commercial program A | 1.479 | 1.476 |
Janbu simplified (uncorrected) Commercial program A | 1.446 | 1.442 | |
Stepped gabion wall, equivalent cohesion Cao et al. (2016); Grodecki (2017). V016a | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.787 | 1.790 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.791 | 1.797 | |
Bishop simplified Program D | 1.790 | 1.790 | |
Stepped gabion wall, mesh as geosynthetic supports Cao et al. (2016); Grodecki (2017). V016b | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.835 | 1.830 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.839 | 1.835 | |
Bishop simplified Program D | 1.830 | 1.830 | |
Gabion wall with weak joint layers Cao et al. (2016); Grodecki (2017). V016c | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.799 | 1.790 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.803 | 1.797 | |
Bishop simplified Program D | 1.790 | 1.790 | |
Vancouver gabion wall, equivalent cohesion Cao et al. (2016); Grodecki (2017). V017a | Bishop simplified Commercial program A | 1.373 | 1.382 |
Spencer (M-P, constant f(x)) Commercial program A | 1.386 | 1.398 | |
Bishop simplified Program D | 1.382 | 1.382 |
Showing 30 of 164
Probabilistic analysis
Reliability index β and probability of failure from the Taylor series and Monte Carlo methods, next to the reference values.
| Problem | Quantity · source | Reference | cSlope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 1, Congress Street cut, circle tangent to the base of clay 2 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program A | 0.2461 | 0.2390 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 1, Congress Street cut, circle tangent to the base of clay 2 | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 0.6500 | 0.6714 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 1, Congress Street cut, circle tangent to the base of clay 3 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program A | 0.2789 | 0.2818 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 1, Congress Street cut, circle tangent to the base of clay 3 | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 0.5370 | 0.5531 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program A | 0.2117 | 0.2063 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 0.7990 | 0.8114 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | β, Taylor series Program D | 0.7870 | 0.7879 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | β, Monte Carlo Program D | 0.8000 | 0.8114 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | Pf, Monte Carlo Program D | 0.2060 | 0.2063 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program A | 0.1992 | 0.2120 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 0.8200 | 0.7890 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | β, Taylor series Program D | 0.7980 | 0.8020 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | β, Monte Carlo Program D | 0.7890 | 0.7890 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | Pf, Monte Carlo Program D | 0.2090 | 0.2120 |
| Cannon Dam end of construction (Hassan & Wolff), reliability on the minimum-β circle | β, Taylor series Program D | 3.3530 | 3.3535 |
| LASH terminal trench, Duncan's Taylor series example | β, Taylor series Duncan (2000) | 0.9000 | 0.8919 |
| LASH terminal trench, Duncan's Taylor series example | Pf, Taylor series Duncan (2000) | 0.1800 | 0.1862 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 7A | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 10.9530 | 11.0345 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 7B | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 4.3510 | 4.4016 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 7C | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 4.2630 | 4.3246 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 7D | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 11.0920 | 11.0762 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 7E | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 10.2810 | 10.3294 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 8B | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 4.8580 | 4.9329 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 8F | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 5.4850 | 5.5278 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 8G | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 5.5630 | 5.4903 |
| Clarence Cannon Dam, surface 8H | β, Monte Carlo Commercial program A (lognormal) | 6.3940 | 6.4314 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 1, Congress Street cut, circle tangent to the base of clay 2 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program B | 0.2531 | 0.2453 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 15 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program B | 0.2098 | 0.2079 |
| Chowdhury & Xu (1995) example 5, embankment on soft clay, circle tangent to y = 5 | Pf, Monte Carlo Commercial program B | 0.2139 | 0.2159 |